YouTube

  • Links Roundup for January 17, 2011

    By .fcoppa on Monday, 17 January 2011 - 2:32pm
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    Here’s a roundup of links that might be of interest to fans: stories about the Catcher in the Rye sequel, video parodies and edits, more inexplicable takedowns, editable videos on iTunes and more beneath the cut!

    * Frederick Colting has cut a deal with the Salinger estate to publish his sequel, 60 Years Later, in most of the world--but not in North America. In the U.S. and Canada, he has agreed to wait until the expiry of copyright on the original.

    * Warner Brothers isn't going to fight a viral YouTube parody of their new 3D Yogi Bear film even though its dark in tone (spoiler: death warning for major character!) The studio acknowledged that the video was a protected work of parody.

    * The New York Public Library is running the 90 Second Newbery Video Contest, which invites people to "make a video that compresses the story of a Newbery award-winning book into 90 seconds or less." Remix seems to be becoming a standard pedagogical practice.

    * iTunes & Sony Are Experimenting With Searchable, Clippable Movies: new features include the ability to search the video for exact phrases, and "clip and share."

    * Anita Sarkeesian of Feminist Frequency is trying to find out why her political remix video, a video game vid made to Too Many Dicks on the Dance Floor, was removed as a content violation of YouTube's terms of service.

    * Lastly, Henry Jenkins is continuing to host exhibits of various kinds of remix video at his blog. Both vidders and amv-makers might be interested in this in-depth comparison between vidding and amv, and gamers might enjoy Part 1 and Part 2 of the Video and Gaming Culture segment.

    We want your suggestions! If you know of an essay, video, article, event, or link you think we should know about you can submit it in three easy ways: comment on the most recent Link Roundup on LJ, IJ or DW, tag a link with "for:otw_news" on Delicious or give @OTW_News a shoutout on Twitter. Links are welcome in all languages!

    Submitting a link doesn't guarantee that it will be included in a roundup post, and inclusion of a link doesn't mean that it is endorsed by the OTW.

  • La opinión de la corte alemana refuerza la creciente diferencia entre la responsabilidad de los hospedadores webs norteamericanos y europeos.

    By .Helka Lantto on Wednesday, 27 October 2010 - 6:20pm
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    Las cortes alemanas han indicado que podrían obligar a las empresas de hospedaje de vídeo como YouTube a buscar y eliminar de forma proactiva [NT: en inglés] videos de música que infrinjan los derechos de autor, en lugar de exigir a los titulares de derechos de autor y a los organismos de derechos de cobro que presenten avisos antes de que se eliminen los vídeos.

    Esto viene a sumarse a la condena, el febrero pasado, de tres ejecutivos de YouTube en Italia, donde la decisión del tribunal italiano incluyó una clara implicación de que todos los videos albergados en su sitio deben ser pre-seleccionados. [NT: en inglés]

    Aunque la agencia alemana de derechos de autor GEMA, perdió una solicitud de carácter urgente a finales de agosto de 2010, solicitando que el acceso a ciertos videos sea bloqueado, esto fue un pequeño consuelo para los sitios de hospedaje alemanes. El fallo se realizó sólo sobre la base de que una orden de emergencia en sí misma era inadecuada, siendo que GEMA sabía de hace mucho tiempo que los videos estaban disponibles en YouTube. El juez invitó a GEMA a solicitar una resolución en los procedimientos regulares, indicando que su reclamo en ese caso probablemente fuera exitoso. El ha sido publicado diciendo que "existen algunas buenas razones para pensar que YouTube tiene cierto deber de detectar las subidas de archivos ilegales".

    GEMA indicó [NT: en inglés] a principios de octubre del 2010 que tiene planes para presentar una nueva demanda.

    Según algunos observadores legales [NT: en inglés], el dictamen del tribunal alemán parece ser el último de varios [NT: en inglés] ejemplos [NT: en inglés] de una diferencia emergente entre la forma que una misma ley se interpreta en Europa y los EE.UU. [NT: en inglés], donde YouTube y otras empresas están cubiertas por el concepto "puerto seguro" de las disposiciones de la Digital Millennium Copyright Act (DMCA). Sitios web de hospedaje basados en Europa parecen estar en mayor riesgo de ser considerados responsables por las acciones de los usuarios antes de recibir avisos de eliminación.

  • Urteilsbegründung eines deutschen Gerichts verstärkt Unterschiede in der Haftpflicht für Webhosts in den USA und Europa

    By .Helka Lantto on Wednesday, 27 October 2010 - 6:19pm
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    Deutsche Gerichte haben angedeutet, dass sie in Zukunft gewerbliche Videoportale wie YouTube dazu zwingen werden, vorsorglich Musikvideos aufzuspüren und zu löschen, die gegen das Urheberrecht verstoßen, anstatt erst zu reagieren, wenn Rechteinhaber und -verwertungsgesellschaften formal Einspruch einlegen.

    Dieser Richterspruch folgt auf eine Verurteilung von drei YouTube-Managern im Februar dieses Jahres in Italien. Das Urteil des italienischen Gerichts impliziert deutlich, dass jedes gehostete Video vor der Veröffentlichung überprüft werden sollte.

    Obwohl die deutsche Rechteverwertungsgesellschaft GEMA mit ihrem Antrag auf eine einstweilige Verfügung Ende August 2010 gescheitert war, in dem sie die Löschung und Sperrung bestimmter Videos forderte, ist das nur ein schwacher Trost für deutsche Webhosts. Das Urteil kam nur dadurch zustande, dass das Gericht eine einstweilige Verfügung für unangebracht hielt, da die GEMA schon lange wusste, dass die Videos auf YouTube abrufbar waren. Der vorsitzende Richter forderte die GEMA dazu auf, den Anspruch in einem Hauptsacheverfahren geltend zu machen, und deutete an, dass der Erfolg in diesem Fall wahrscheinlich wäre. In der Pressemeldung des Landgerichts Hamburg steht, es "liege nahe, dass die Antragsgegnerin zumutbare Prüfungspflichten bzw. Maßnahmen zur Verhinderung erneuter Rechtsverletzungen nicht wahr- bzw. vorgenommen habe."

    Die GEMA gab Ende September 2010 bekannt, dass sie eine erneute Klage plane.

    Laut einigen Beobachtern [englisch] handelt es sich bei dem deutschen Urteil um das neueste Beispiel [englisch] einer ganzen Reihe von Urteilen, die deutlich machen, dass ähnliche Gesetze in den USA und Europa immer unterschiedlicher ausgelegt werden. In den USA fallen YouTube und andere Firmen unter die Klausel für "sichere Häfen" im Digital Millenium Copyright Act (DMCA). Für Webhosts in Europa dagegen ist das Risiko viel größer, für die Taten von NutzerInnen belangt zu werden, bevor überhaupt eine Abmahnung erteilt wird.

  • Advies Duitse rechter versterkt groeiende kloof aansprakelijkheid van Amerikaanse en Europese web hosts

    By .Helka Lantto on Wednesday, 27 October 2010 - 6:17pm
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    Duitse rechters hebben aangegeven dat ze misschien video hosting bedrijven zoals YouTube zullen dwingen om proactief op zoek te gaan naar muziekvideo's die inbreuk maken op auteursrecht en deze te verwijderen, in plaats dat houders van auteursrechten en de rechtenorganisaties eerst een verzoek moeten indienen vóórdat video's worden verwijderd.

    Dit komt bovenop de veroordeling van drie YouTube executives in Italië afgelopen februari, waar de uitspraak van het Italiaanse gerecht een duidelijke implicatie inhield dat elke gehoste video vooraf gescreend zou moeten worden.

    Hoewel de Duitse auteursrechtenorganisatie GEMA eind augustus het kort geding verloren heeft, waarin ze vroegen om de toegang tot bepaalde video's te blokkeren, is dit een schrale troost voor Duitse web hosts. De uitspraak werd gedaan op de grond dat een kort geding niet toepasselijk was, omdat GEMA al lange tijd wist dat de video's beschikbaar waren op YouTube. De rechter in de zaak heeft GEMA uitgenodigd een uitspraak in een bodemprocedure te vragen, met daarbij de mededeling dat zo'n aanvraag kans van slagen heeft. De rechter verklaarde dat "er goede redenen zijn te menen dat YouTube inderdaad een plicht heeft illegale uploads op te sporen."

    GEMA heeft begin oktober aangegeven dat zij van plan zijn een bodemprocedure te starten.

    Volgens sommige juridische waarnemers is het advies van de Duitse rechter het laatste in een reeks voorbeelden van een groeiende kloof tussen de manier waarop vergelijkbare wetten worden geïnterpreteerd in Europa en de VS, waar YouTube en andere bedrijven worden gedekt door de "veilige haven"-bepalingen van de Digital Millennium Copyright Act (DMCA). Web hosts in Europa lijken een groter risico te lopen aansprakelijk te worden gesteld voor acties van gebruikers die plaatsvinden voordat ze een verzoek tot verwijdering ontvangen.

  • German court opinion reinforces growing gap between liability faced by US and European web hosts

    By .Helka Lantto on Wednesday, 27 October 2010 - 6:16pm
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    Written by Tanaqui

    German courts have indicated that they may force video hosting companies such as YouTube to proactively search out and delete music videos that infringe copyright, rather than requiring copyright holders and rights collection agencies to submit takedown notices before videos are removed.

    This comes on top of the conviction last February of three YouTube executives in Italy where the ruling of the Italian court included a clear implication that every hosted video should be pre-screened.

    Although German rights collection agency GEMA may have lost an application for an emergency order at the end of August 2010 asking for access to certain videos to be blocked, this is small comfort for German web hosts. The ruling was made only on the basis that an emergency order in itself was inappropriate, as GEMA had known for a long time that the videos were available on YouTube. The presiding judge in the case invited GEMA to ask for a ruling in regular proceedings, indicating their claim was likely to be successful in that event. He is reported as stating that "There are some good reasons to think that YouTube indeed has some duty to take care of detecting illegal uploads."

    GEMA indicated at the start of October 2010 that it does plan to file a new suit.

    According to some legal observers, the opinion of the German court appears to be the latest of several examples of an emerging gap between the way similar laws are being interpreted in Europe and the US, where YouTube and other companies are covered by the "safe harbor" provisions of the Digital Millenium Copyright Act (DMCA). Web hosts based in Europe appear to be at greater risk of being held liable for users' actions prior to receiving takedown notices.

  • 24/7 DIY 2010: Collective Action program posted online

    By .fcoppa on Wednesday, 13 October 2010 - 11:39pm
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    The 24/7 DIY Video Summit organized by USC's Institute for Multimedia Literacy has produced a new feature-length program of the latest in DIY video, including fanvids, amvs, prvs, machinima, lip dubs, literal videos, videoblogs, and YouTube videos. The show, 2010: Collective Action was shown at the Hammer Theatre in L.A. on October 5, 2010 and featured a keynote talk by Henry Jenkins. The video program is now online and parallel events are being scheduled at locations around the country.

    Vidding fandom is represented in the program by kiki_miserychic's "I'm on a boat," Obsessive24's "Piece of Me," and Hollywoodgrrl's "Art Bitch." A fuller program of vids, as well as of each of these other genres - amvs, prvs, etc. - will appear on Henry Jenkins' blog over the next few months. OTW Board member and Vidding Committee chair Francesca Coppa curated the vidding section; Tim Park curated the anime music videos; Jonathan McIntosh curated the political remixes.

    24/7 DIY 2010: Collective Action from IML @ USC on Vimeo.

  • Links Roundup for September 11, 2010

    By .fcoppa on Saturday, 11 September 2010 - 3:43pm
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    * Miguel A. Pérez Gómez of the University of Seville has written what we think is the first Spanish-language academic article on vidding, Fan-Made Vids: Una introducción al vidding, los song vids, el recut, los mash-ups, el fan edit y otros artefactos audiovisuales. The full-text is available online.

    * YouTube Ads Turn Videos Into Revenue. The New York Times reports that increasingly, marketing and ad revenue is trumping copyright fears at big entertainment companies. They're letting clips and other videos stay up rather than issuing takedowns. While this may be good news for fans (depending on how you view advertising on your not-for-profit content), the article also notes that YouTube continues to be interested in developing "professional, long-form content" and is increasingly less interested in hosting amateur video.

    * Bookforum (registration is free) reviews Lewis Hyde's new book, Common As Air. Anxiety Over Influence: Copyright extensions are depriving the culture at large. Hyde is the author of 1983's The Gift, a book whose concept of "gift culture" is very popular among fans. Bookforum describes Hyde's new book as, "a resourceful call to arms... against the encroaching power of copyright fascism." The review is terrific and well worth the two seconds it takes to register at the site. (Thanks to mikesgrrrl for the link.)

  • DMCA Follow-up Answers

    By .allison morris on Wednesday, 1 September 2010 - 3:48pm
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    A number of bright and beautiful questions cropped up after we posted about the DMCA Exemption for Vidders. We've gathered up the handiest discussion, for clarification on what this ruling will mean for the community.

    Our position: Fanvids are critical commentary

    For the purpose of vidding, critical is a synonym for analytical, in the sense of constructing a "reading" of the source text. A shipper vid--one that celebrates the love between two characters, or creates a deeper relationship between them, or emphasizes the relationship between them, or sometimes even constructs it out of almost nothing--is a reading of the text that changes how you see it, or re-prioritizes the values of the original. Slash is almost always a critical reading, and implicitly a political one. Lots of vids are about emphasizing characters who aren't central, giving them their own screen time, making them the main character for three minutes. All of these are making critical commentary in the sense of making an analytical reading!

    The Copyright Office did not rule that any particular vid was a fair use; however, it cited a number of vids as examples of the kinds of remix that are likely to constitute fair use.

    The Exemption doesn't cover music

    While the ruling isn't about music, it is still really important: it means that copyright holders can't use the DMCA to stop a fair use defense before it's out of the gate. Vis a vis YouTube and private companies, they will always be permitted to have their own rules: they can decide that they won't host vids that have a lot of green in them. But that doesn't make green vids illegal, and it doesn't make vids illegal either.

    Are ripped clips legal?

    Under the exemption, it does not violate the DMCA to rip clips from DVDs that you lawfully acquire for the purpose of making a noncommercial remix as long as you reasonably believe that you need to rip in order to get clips of the necessary quality. Once you have the clips, what you do with them, such as posting your vid online, is governed by fair use. If you're asking about services like YouTube, etc.: they are private companies who can make their own rules: they can decide not to host anything they don't want to host. We are hoping that this ruling will cause them to relax a bit about their own rules, but it's important to note that this is not the same thing as illegal.

    What does this mean for copyright, fair use, and vids on YouTube?

    Private companies like YouTube can take things down for whatever reasons they want, and they mostly claim to be complying with copyright, though sometimes it's that they literally don't want to bother to make the distinction between a fair use and just a pirated copy of something (likely to be less fair, though there are some arguments for straight copying as having some fair uses also). So most of the time, if you actually make a person see a vid, they agree that it's a fair use: YouTube takedowns are mostly done by computer, now, and computers can't tell the difference (or can't yet: the EFF has made some good suggestions for reprogramming computers so that they can tell the difference between a transformative work and a straight up clip).

  • Links Roundup for August 19, 2010

    By .fcoppa on Thursday, 19 August 2010 - 10:40pm
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    Here’s a roundup of stories that might be of interest to fans: we've got stories from A (Afghanistan) to Z (the Zombie Beatles!) beneath the cut!

    * In international news, the Afghan Ministry of Communications has mandated that all ISPs filter websites that fall under the categories of "alcohol," "dating/social networking," "gambling," and "pornography. This has resulted in countrywide blockages of Facebook, Gmail, YouTube, and Twitter, and follows similar censorious moves in Pakistan and Turkey.

    * Boing Boing indeed! A parody Twilight game hosted on YouTube that was BoingBoinged was taken down for copyright infringment by Summit Entertainment, then put up again! And has now been taken down again! Ironically, BoingBoing's latest post compliments Summit by saying, "good to see a digital department at a traditional company being helpful." Spoke too soon! The Washington Post has also criticized Summit for "lobbing lawsuits at pretty much anyone who uses Twilight's name or images without its permission", including not only the game, but an unofficial Twilight-magazine, fan-made Twilight t-shirts, and even the makers of a documentary about Forks, Washington, the real-life town where the story is set. Apparently Summit thinks it should be able to control who sparkles and who doesn't!

    * In RPF news, we bring you notice of the publication of Paul is Undead by Alan Goldsher, subtitled "The British Zombie Invasion." The book charts "the rise and fall of the zombie Beatles... through eyewitness accounts, newspaper clippings, and interviews." Oh, and Ringo is a ninja lord. Obviously.

    * Zazzle has enforced a c&d against a fan who made an SPN keychain featuring only the single, fan-coined word, "Metallicar!" Crazily, even though TPTB at SPN didn't invent the word, they're claiming trademark over it (and it's really unlikely that the WB owns a word so closely associated with the band Metallica--but that's another story!) Alas, Zazzle—being a private company—can enforce any rules it wants, but, as with the Twilight case above, this is really a classic case of overstepping to no purpose.

    We want your suggestions! If you know of an essay, video, article, event, or link you think we should know about you can submit it in three easy ways: comment on the most recent Link Roundup on LJ, IJ or DW, tag a link with "for:otw_news" on Delicious or give @OTW_News a shoutout on Twitter. Links are welcome in all languages!

    Submitting a link doesn't guarantee that it will be included in a roundup post, and inclusion of a link doesn't mean that it is endorsed by the OTW.

  • Rumblefish Proposes (Highly Restrictive) Song Licensing System

    By .fcoppa on Thursday, 1 July 2010 - 4:43am
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    The New York Times reports that a company called Rumblefish is partnering with YouTube to license songs to amateur video artists for use in noncommercial videos at $1.99 each. At the moment, they do not represent any major labels, though they are hoping to expand (don't hold your breath, given the difficulties the major labels have had with most new business models).

    While this idea certainly has the potential to be beneficial for vidders and other remix artists, and the price is comparable to a ringtone or higher-quality download, this isn't the solution: the license Rumblefish and YouTube are offering doesn't allow users to remix, mash up, speed up, slow down, alter or translate lyrics or do lots of other things that vidders and other remix artists routinely do; all you can do is cut the length of the song. Also, you are only permitted to stream your video, and only at authorized sites like YouTube; you can't offer your vid for download, or stream from your own site. Moreover, the licence stipulates that your use:

    must not be pornographic, promote hate or violence, must not be libelous, defamatory, fraudulent, infringing or otherwise illegal, and must not involve criticism of Friendly Music, Rumblefish, UGC Network, or any of their products or services.

    And of course they get to decide what is okay and what isn't. (Doesn't that make you want to make an anti-Rumblefish political remix right now?)

    While this service might be useful for makers of home movies and amateur films who just want to add a soundtrack to their child's birthday party or high school graduation, transformative works like vids, anime music videos, and political remix videos are not using music as a soundtrack. In these transformative works, the music is a crucial part of the message, and the message is a form of speech.

    This seems like an attempt by Rumblefish and YouTube to charge noncommercial video makers for fewer rights than they already have. In fact, it's interesting that Rumblefish and YouTube are trying to create a market to license songs to amateur video makers just as laws like Canada's Copyright Modernization Act are proposing the legalization of noncommercial remix - but only if it doesn't aversely affect "an existing or potential market." Minimalist licenses for some songs, no matter how affordable, can't substitute for fair use.

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